Introduction

Asthma affects millions of Nigerians and in Northern Nigeria, the harmattan season, burning waste, and dust-filled air can make breathing especially difficult for people living with the condition.

Yet many patients struggle unnecessarily because of myths, incorrect inhaler use, and a lack of clear guidance.

The good news is that asthma can be managed very effectively. With the right treatment, trigger control, and emergency plan, most people with asthma can live active, healthy lives.

This guide explains what you actually need to know to breathe better and stay in control of your asthma.

What is Asthma?

Asthma is a chronic condition in which the airways become inflamed, narrowed, and sometimes produce excess mucus, making it difficult to breathe.

Asthma is not curable, but it is highly controllable. When managed properly, most people with asthma can attend school, work, exercise, and enjoy normal daily activities.

One of the most important parts of asthma management is identifying and avoiding personal triggers.

Common Asthma Triggers in Nigeria

Environmental Triggers

The following triggers are especially common in Nigeria:

• Harmattan dust a major seasonal trigger in Northern Nigeria
• Indoor smoke from cooking fires and kerosene stoves
• Burning rubbish or bush around homes
• Cold harmattan air
• Grass and tree pollen
• Mould and damp environments

Everyday Triggers

Other common triggers include:

• Strong perfumes and aerosol sprays
• Paint fumes
• Exercise in dusty or cold conditions
• Respiratory infections such as colds and flu
• Emotional stress and anxiety

Understanding which triggers affect you personally is one of the best ways to prevent asthma attacks.

Your Two Types of Inhaler: Know the Difference

Many asthma patients require two different types of inhalers.

Reliever Inhaler (Usually Blue)

Examples include salbutamol (Ventolin).

This is your rescue inhaler.

Use it when symptoms begin, such as:

• Wheezing
• Chest tightness
• Shortness of breath
• Persistent coughing

Reliever inhalers work within minutes to open the airways.

Always keep your reliever inhaler with you.

Preventer Inhaler (Usually Brown or Orange)

Preventer inhalers usually contain corticosteroids.

These inhalers are taken every day, even when you feel completely well.

They work by reducing airway inflammation over time and lowering the risk of future attacks.

A common mistake is stopping the preventer inhaler once symptoms improve.

Never stop your preventer inhaler without discussing it with your doctor or pharmacist. Feeling well is often a sign that the medication is working effectively.

How to Use an Inhaler Correctly

Many patients do not receive the full benefit of their inhaler because the medicine does not reach the lungs properly.

Follow these steps:

1. Shake the inhaler well.
2. Breathe out fully.
3. Place the mouthpiece between your lips and create a tight seal.
4. Press the inhaler once while breathing in slowly and deeply.
5. Hold your breath for about 10 seconds.
6. Breathe out gently.
7. If another puff is required, wait 30–60 seconds before repeating.

Consider Using a Spacer

A spacer is a plastic chamber attached to an inhaler.

Benefits include:

• Improved delivery of medicine to the lungs
• Easier coordination of breathing and inhaler use
• Better results for children
• Reduced medication loss in the mouth and throat

Ask your pharmacist at Amkamed Pharmaceuticals whether a spacer would benefit you or your child.

What to Do During an Asthma Attack

If symptoms suddenly worsen:

1. Sit upright.
2. Stay calm.

3. Use your reliever inhaler:

   • Take 1 puff every 30–60 seconds
   • Up to a maximum of 10 puffs
4. Monitor your breathing carefully.

Seek Emergency Care Immediately If:

• There is no improvement after using the inhaler
• The person cannot speak in full sentences
• Lips or fingertips turn blue
• Severe breathing difficulty develops

These are medical emergencies and require urgent hospital treatment.

Living Well with Asthma in Gombe

During Harmattan

• Wear a scarf or face mask outdoors
• Keep windows closed during dusty periods
• Avoid exposure to smoke whenever possible
• Stay hydrated

At Home

• Improve kitchen ventilation
• Avoid burning rubbish near your home
• Reduce dust accumulation indoors
• Address dampness and mould quickly

Exercise Safely

Physical activity is important and should not be avoided.

If exercise triggers symptoms:

• Warm up gradually
• Follow your treatment plan
• Use your reliever inhaler approximately 15 minutes before exercise if advised by your healthcare provider

Protect Yourself from Infections

Respiratory infections commonly trigger asthma attacks.

Speak with your healthcare provider about recommended vaccinations and seek early treatment when respiratory symptoms develop.

Conclusion

Asthma does not have to control your life.

By understanding your triggers, using your inhalers correctly, and knowing what to do during an attack, you can greatly reduce symptoms and prevent serious complications.

Whether you are managing asthma yourself or caring for a child with asthma, small daily habits can make a significant difference.

Breathe Easier with Amkamed Pharmaceuticals

Visit Amkamed Pharmaceuticals, Gombe State, for inhalers, spacer devices, asthma education, and professional advice tailored to your needs.

Our team is committed to helping you and your family stay healthy throughout every season, including the challenging harmattan months.

Need asthma support? Visit Amkamed Pharmaceuticals today for trusted care and expert guidance.

amkamed.com

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